Socialization explanations work from the assumption that girls
and boys are socialized in various different ways early in life, this strengthen the idea that they hold dissimilar
delegations in diversified occupations. The Socialization Theory particularly uses the childhood ordeals of boys and girls as a focal point to cultivate their senses of what professions are suitable for their gender.
This way of thinking is ingrained in the children early on, conceding the beliefs of this perspective, set daunting restraints on what kind work the youth will prepare for in the future.
There are factors in play that strengthen gender segregation in the labor force. These factors include parents, schools, urban or rural residence, class, race,peers, and the media. These components influence girls choices about doing jobs such as: housewives, attending school, working in the paid labor market, as well as decisions concerning the usual occupations to which they peruse Occupations are continually segregated according to this perspective because of the strain on women and men to only work jobs that are gender specific.
Source: Ivy Leigh Kennelly
Race, Class, and Gender in Women’s Pathways to Occupational Gender Segregation
Monday, October 28, 2013
Sunday, October 27, 2013
Post 8: Quotes From Marquette Law School
According to David Rapke, "The Milwaukee metropolitan area is taking what seems to be its annual beating in the media because of its racially segregated housing patterns." A report from the Brookings Institution from 2005-09 census data, the City of Milwaukee it's neighboring area including Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington and Waukesha Counties are practically matched for first "with Detroit and New York City for the highest degree of black-white residential segregation. A second study conducted by John Logan of Brown University ranked Milwaukee second in residential segregation by race to only the New York City metropolitan area. Newark, Detroit, and Chicago were next on Logan’s list."
Pulled Quotes:
"While blacks are concentrated in worn-out center-cities, their inability to move to the suburbs involves income and asset factors more than skin color."
"The poor – black, white, or Hispanic – live almost completely within the City of Milwaukee, while Ozaukee and Washington Counties rank among only nineteen counties in the entire country with poverty rates below five percent. "
" Second-ring suburbs and outlying towns like New Berlin and West Bend have been in the news lately because of efforts in those towns to prevent the construction of moderately priced rental housing. If this kind of housing was built, some fear, the urban poor might relocate and try to build lives and raise their kids among the middle and upper classes"
Post 7: Milwaukee Segregation
Looking at the map with the homes of only white workers selected, we see a large number of people spread out throughout the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis area (602,694 people or 83.8 percent). Most of these people are concentrated in Shorewood, the Upper East Side, West Milwaukee, West Allis and part of Wauwatosa. Switch the map to show only Milwaukee’s African American workers (87,181 people or 12.1 percent) and the segregated areas can’t get much more defined. We find most of the African-American community From Brown Deer down to Midtown and just east of Butler over to Lincoln Park, with very few people anywhere else.
Most studies have only examined black-white segregation, yet Milwaukee is easily just as segregated toward Hispanic people also. The Hispanic (Latino) population averages at about 43,374 or 6 percent of the population. This text held maps also to illustrate the great mass of white on the milwaukee map, as opposed the lesser number of hispanic/african american areas. When you turn on the filter to show only the places where Hispanic workers live, it shows a very small, yet heavily populated area around Walker’s Point and Historic Mitchell Street.
source link: http://www.milwaukeemag.com/article/11282012-TheMostSegregatedCityinAmerica
Most studies have only examined black-white segregation, yet Milwaukee is easily just as segregated toward Hispanic people also. The Hispanic (Latino) population averages at about 43,374 or 6 percent of the population. This text held maps also to illustrate the great mass of white on the milwaukee map, as opposed the lesser number of hispanic/african american areas. When you turn on the filter to show only the places where Hispanic workers live, it shows a very small, yet heavily populated area around Walker’s Point and Historic Mitchell Street.
source link: http://www.milwaukeemag.com/article/11282012-TheMostSegregatedCityinAmerica
Home of White workers
Homes of Black workers
Homes of Hispanic workers
Post 6 : No Man's Land
"In 1898, in Lake Cormorant, Mississippi, a black man was hanged from a telephone pole. And in Weir City, Kansas. And in Brookhaven, Mississippi. And in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where the hanged man was riddled with bullets."
Eula Biss writes this novel focusing on America’s somewhat unsettled race relations by following the concurrent establishment of telephone poles throughout the U.S. and the extensive “American invention” of lynching. In one alarming plummet, the ever-present and practical telephone pole becomes a representation of the racial violence that has taken place on America. As Biss notes, “It was only coincidence that [telephone poles] became convenient as gallows, because they were tall and straight, with a crossbar, and because they stood in public places.”
In No Man’s Land Biss reminisces about her move to the ethnically diverse neighborhood of Rogers Park in Chicago and being told by others that she had just settled in a “pioneering neighborhood.” Biss eventually views the word “pioneer” as foreboding, for it “betrays a disturbing willingness to repeat the worst mistake of the pioneers of the American West....the mistake of considering an inhabited place uninhabited.” For Biss, an casual commentary or a medical switch-up can make accessible, an outlet to distinguishing the common wisdom about race, the generalizations and effortless divisions that level race as we actually experience it in Brooklyn or in Chicago, walking alongside a mixed-race cousin in Fort Greene or riding a bicycle alone in Rogers Park. As the context shifts, so do the various appointed meanings assigned to our skin.
Wednesday, October 23, 2013
Post 5: How Our Skins Got Their Color
Marvin Harris
How Our Skins Got Their Color
Marvin Harris, "How Our Skins Got Their
Color" from Our Kind: Who We Are, Where We
Came from and Where We Are Going, pp. 112-114
One came blame different shades of skin on the existence molecular particles called melanin. It main responsibility is to safeguard the more exposed lays of skin from being harmed by the suns ultraviolet rays. This type of radiation its a potentially a very large threat for our species because we don't have a thick layer of fur to act as sunscreen would, which is something that is found in most mammals. This lack of hair causes us to be susceptible to different kinds of sun related radiation perils. Most get the common sunburn, which can cause rashes, blisters and risk of infection; and skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, one of the deadliest diseases known. Because melanin is the body's defense mechanism against sun related illness, the most melanin one has, the darker their skin will be, and the lower their risk for all skin cancers. Which would explain why the topmost rates for skin cancer are found sun-rich area where the inhabitants are of European decent or have a lighter complexion. Very dark-skinned people such as heavily pigmented Africans of Zaire seldom get skin cancer, but when they do, they get it on depigmented parts of their bodies palms and lips.
How Our Skins Got Their Color
Marvin Harris, "How Our Skins Got Their
Color" from Our Kind: Who We Are, Where We
Came from and Where We Are Going, pp. 112-114
One came blame different shades of skin on the existence molecular particles called melanin. It main responsibility is to safeguard the more exposed lays of skin from being harmed by the suns ultraviolet rays. This type of radiation its a potentially a very large threat for our species because we don't have a thick layer of fur to act as sunscreen would, which is something that is found in most mammals. This lack of hair causes us to be susceptible to different kinds of sun related radiation perils. Most get the common sunburn, which can cause rashes, blisters and risk of infection; and skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, one of the deadliest diseases known. Because melanin is the body's defense mechanism against sun related illness, the most melanin one has, the darker their skin will be, and the lower their risk for all skin cancers. Which would explain why the topmost rates for skin cancer are found sun-rich area where the inhabitants are of European decent or have a lighter complexion. Very dark-skinned people such as heavily pigmented Africans of Zaire seldom get skin cancer, but when they do, they get it on depigmented parts of their bodies palms and lips.
Sunday, October 20, 2013
Post 4 - Navajo Mines, Uranium Epidemic
Uranium for the most part is what jump started the race to obtain nuclear arms. Most of this uranium was mined from the Navajo reservation. Nearly 15,000 or more people, about one-fourth of them Native Americans,were laborers under the U.S. Vanadium Corporation, an accessory of Union Carbide, Kerr-McGee and other mining establishments in the area's mines and mills. Depending massively on consultation with remaining extant Native American miners, Peter H. Eichstaedt's, If You Poison Us, eagerly records the unfortunate calamity that uranium removal brought upon the Navajo people.
Public health specialists had voiced worry about the possible aftermath that exposure to radiation would have on the miners. These men labored in mines with little to no fresh air flow. and mill workers often return home from a day of work layered with concentrated uranium. "while the mine operators and government officials were well informed about the health hazards that workers in the mines and mills were exposed to daily, the miners were kept in the dark." (Eichstaedt)
Eventually, over a span of time, the federal government ratified safety principles for the mines, but by that time it the miners had already been exposed to radiation. The National Security's will to get uranium, no matter what was at stake (and note that they understood that a nice percentage of the those who were affected were Native American) and mining companies' befitting from milling and extracting uranium in the most least expensive way, caused the postponement in bringing about equipment and rules for the safety of the workers. But the mining organizations vigorously put forth effort to terminate the making guidelines that were practical. As a result, workers consumed radiation levels, sometimes multi-thousands of times then what regulations stated, that caused cancers and a variety of illnesses in a majority of the workers.
The U.S. Congress, after a couple decades, passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), this act meant that the Justice Department was to create a $100 million trust fund. The Bush administration was initially opposed to the bill, but after being the hassled by the Republican senators, most of whom where from Western states, Bush signed the bill. But even after that major break through there were problems with the white miners receiving their money before the Navajo.
Public health specialists had voiced worry about the possible aftermath that exposure to radiation would have on the miners. These men labored in mines with little to no fresh air flow. and mill workers often return home from a day of work layered with concentrated uranium. "while the mine operators and government officials were well informed about the health hazards that workers in the mines and mills were exposed to daily, the miners were kept in the dark." (Eichstaedt)
Eventually, over a span of time, the federal government ratified safety principles for the mines, but by that time it the miners had already been exposed to radiation. The National Security's will to get uranium, no matter what was at stake (and note that they understood that a nice percentage of the those who were affected were Native American) and mining companies' befitting from milling and extracting uranium in the most least expensive way, caused the postponement in bringing about equipment and rules for the safety of the workers. But the mining organizations vigorously put forth effort to terminate the making guidelines that were practical. As a result, workers consumed radiation levels, sometimes multi-thousands of times then what regulations stated, that caused cancers and a variety of illnesses in a majority of the workers.
The U.S. Congress, after a couple decades, passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), this act meant that the Justice Department was to create a $100 million trust fund. The Bush administration was initially opposed to the bill, but after being the hassled by the Republican senators, most of whom where from Western states, Bush signed the bill. But even after that major break through there were problems with the white miners receiving their money before the Navajo.
Thursday, October 17, 2013
Post 2-3:The Combined Ideas of 2 Authors on Race and Geography
Sources
Tom Conry, Chemical of the Month: Lead, Exposure no. 13 (December 1981):
Commission for Racial Justice, United Church of Christ, Toxic Waste and Race in the United States (New York: Public Data Access, 1987)
Robert Bullard et al., We Speak for Ourselves: Social Justice, Race and Environment (Washington, D.C.: Panos Institute, 1990).
Context:
Because of the vast spread of environmental hazards it i virtually impossible to steer clear of them. These chemicals are called polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This chemicals were used in things people come across everyday such as: adhesives, paints, electric insulators, and printing inks etc, and they can lead to skin discoloration, liver problems, cancer, and developmental hindrances in children and adolescents.
One's class or rank in society often determine to what degree one can protect themselves from environmental health hazards. There are people who can manage buying bottled water or organic food, better health benefits, some can even migrate away from the nuclear power plants and the chemical wastes dumps. Others simply cant afford it. Statistics show that people of color (any color), are more likely than European Americans, to work more precarious jobs, to inhabit areas that are closest to environmental hazards, and are known to occupy substandard housing. Women of color therefore have a higher risk of accumulating pollutants than white women.
Neighborhoods of color and, lesser, poor white communities face a higher risk of being susceptible to hazardous chemicals, but also suffer from a greater disregard by government organizations. The Commission for Racial Justice (United Church of Christ) discovered that three of the five largest commercial hazardous-waste dumps in the United States are located in predominately black or Latino communities. Here is an even more shocking statistic: "three of five blacks and Latinos live in communities with uncontrolled toxic-waste sites; and about half of all Asians/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans live near uncontrolled waste sites.
These toxic problems aren't just an urban issue. Backwood or (rural) people face massive exposure to pesticides and herbicides, especially since agribusiness (the businesses collectively associated with the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products) gained almost total control of food production. There is approximately 3 million farmers in the U.S., majority are Latino, and 1/4 (25%) percent are Female. Many of the women who work on these farm have neglected health problems, and the country women and children who live close to farms are exposed to similar conditions.
One's class or rank in society often determine to what degree one can protect themselves from environmental health hazards. There are people who can manage buying bottled water or organic food, better health benefits, some can even migrate away from the nuclear power plants and the chemical wastes dumps. Others simply cant afford it. Statistics show that people of color (any color), are more likely than European Americans, to work more precarious jobs, to inhabit areas that are closest to environmental hazards, and are known to occupy substandard housing. Women of color therefore have a higher risk of accumulating pollutants than white women.
Neighborhoods of color and, lesser, poor white communities face a higher risk of being susceptible to hazardous chemicals, but also suffer from a greater disregard by government organizations. The Commission for Racial Justice (United Church of Christ) discovered that three of the five largest commercial hazardous-waste dumps in the United States are located in predominately black or Latino communities. Here is an even more shocking statistic: "three of five blacks and Latinos live in communities with uncontrolled toxic-waste sites; and about half of all Asians/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans live near uncontrolled waste sites.
These toxic problems aren't just an urban issue. Backwood or (rural) people face massive exposure to pesticides and herbicides, especially since agribusiness (the businesses collectively associated with the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products) gained almost total control of food production. There is approximately 3 million farmers in the U.S., majority are Latino, and 1/4 (25%) percent are Female. Many of the women who work on these farm have neglected health problems, and the country women and children who live close to farms are exposed to similar conditions.
There are many people who live in low-leveled radiation ares. Many Native Americans fall into this category because of the uranium mining that have engulf much of the reservation land. There even some businesses that have the intentions of using Native land for dumping toxic waste, including sites for radioactive waste from military uses and nuclear power plants.
"Gender, racial, ethnic, and class discrimination intersects with workplace and environmental conditions so that health hazards are borne unequally by people with low incomes and people of color. The movement to right such wrongs is called the environmental justice movement." (Boston Women's Health Book Collective.)
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